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WHAT I SAW IN MY GARDEN 












OLIVER STONE DEAN 



WHAT I SAW IN 
MY GARDEN 

AN INTERPRETATION 


BY 

OLIVER STONE DEAN 


Preface by S. Parkes Cadman 


THE PILGRIM PRESS 
BOSTON CHICAGO 





Copyright, 1923 
By OLIVER STONE DEAN 



Printed in the United States of America 


THE JORDAN & MORE PRESS 
BOSTON, MASS. 


AUG -4 1923 

©C1A752388 


£ I 


FOREWORD 


A NY book offered to the public today should 
come with its own justification. 

The papers herewith presented are not arid 
abstractions nor any hints on horticulture as their 
title might at first sight suggest. They are ethical 
interpretations of some things which I have ob¬ 
served in nature’s process. 

It is hoped that many who have attained suc¬ 
cess in life may take pleasure in recognizing here 
the principles that have guided their lives and that 
the young may be lead by them in that path of the 
just which as a shining light shines more and more 
unto the perfect day. 

I take this opportunity also to express my thanks 
to my friend the Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, D.D., 
for the graceful and appropriate Preface with 
which he has introduced these papers. 

OLIVER STONE DEAN. 






PREFACE 


S IR FRANCIS BACON, the shrewdest philoso¬ 
pher of his age, loved and wrote upon the 
garden, and the pleasures to be derived from its 
care and observation. Sir William Temple, one 
of the best equipped of seventeenth century diplo¬ 
matists, retired from the crowded scenes of his 
successful statesmanship to the quiet and restful 
contemplation afforded him by his cherished gar¬ 
den. It is not without significance that the biblical 
story of man’s halcyon state is environed by a 
paradise of blossoming flowers and healing plants. 
Our beloved and venerable friend, Dr. Dean, has 
long and deeply felt the charms of a similar retreat. 
After an honored active ministry in the Church of 
God, he brings forth fruit in his season, and presents 
it in this modest yet alluring volume. The lessons 
to be learned from an intimacy with the Creator’s 
works are before us in the following chapters and 
should be treasured by the hearts and minds of 
their readers. The stamp of fidelity to reality 
and goodness is upon this book. It ascends 
through nature to the great Over-Soul, whose 


beauty and benevolence are reflected in the fields 
which he has blessed, and in the pleasaunces where 
meditative spirits still hear his voice as it was heard 
by holy men and women in the former times. 
Man, as the crown of creation, his hereditary suc¬ 
cession, his moral possibilities, and his religious 
needs, are here discussed in gentle and sagacious 
ways. I heartily congratulate Dr. Dean upon the 
tender associations which he has chosen and 
enriched by his contribution. He walks in a garden 
peculiarly his own. He knows that Gethsemane 
is the rose garden of God. He thinks of the empty 
tomb within another garden which has made the 
world to rejoice in the hope of immortality. He 
sojourns with an innumerable and a gracious com¬ 
pany whose fellowship is sweet and profitable. 
I wish his book what it deserves: a wide and 
edifying recognition. May we who peruse its 
pages cull from it a'nosegay redolent of truth and 
affection! May its author continue to have a long 
and mellow eventide ere the darkness falls on the 
garden where he has found a retreat for us all. 

S. PARKES CADMAN. 

Advent, 1923 


viii 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER I page 

Its Narrow Boundaries. 1 

Life’s Limitations 

CHAPTER II 

Preparation of the Soil. 5 

Getting Ready for Service 

CHAPTER III 

The Seed and the Sower. 9 

Heredity and Home Life 

CHAPTER IV 

The Worm at the Root. 13 

Destructive Forces 

CHAPTER V 

Weeds. 19 

Minor Faults 

CHAPTER VI 

The Weather. 24 

The Uncontrollable Forces 

ix 








CHAPTER VII 

The Persistence of Nature. 29 

Making the Best of Everything 

CHAPTER VIII 

The Beneficence of Nature. 34 

Good Stewardship 

CHAPTER IX 

The Ideal Nation. 38 

Patriotism 





CHAPTER I 
Its Narrow Boundaries 

Life's Limitations 



iHAT keen observer and art critic John Ruskin 


JL wrote a book entitled “ The Stones of 
Venice.” Along with his critical observations on 
architecture he found some helpful and practical 
suggestions on politics, religion and political 
economy which gave to his book a large part of 
its value. Shakespeare speaks of those whose 
sagacity enables them to find “ books in the 
running brooks, sermons in stones and good in 
everything.” I am afraid I am neither poet nor 
naturalist nor geologist enough to make important 
discoveries in those fields, though I am enough of 
an optimist to look for good in everything. 

This is the springtime when nature is waking 
from her wintry sleep, when the birds are coming 
back, the crocuses starting and the gardener is 
beginning to think of fertilizers and seeds. So, 
I have thought the present might be an opportune 


moment to share with others some of the things 
which I have seen in my garden. 


The first thing which impresses me is its narrow 
boundaries. It covers so narrow a space that it 
hardly seems worth while, but, if you stop to think, 
that fact gives it some advantages. Almost 
everybody can have a small garden when he could 
not have a large garden or a farm. Then you 
can cultivate intensively a small piece of ground 
when you have neither time nor strength to do 
more. 

Start, then, right here. Everybody has his field 
of service, large or small. Many complain of the 
limitations of their lives. The farmer in his field, 
the merchant behind his counter, the teacher in 
the schoolroom, the mother with her children 
in the home often wish for wider fields and forget 
that the size of the field is of far less consequence 
than the way in which it is cultivated. 

“Act well your part. There all the honor lies.” 

Many go hunting larger places for which often¬ 
times they are unfit instead of doing their best 
where they are. James Gailey was vice-president 
of the United States Steel Corporation and I once 
heard him tell a class of young engineers: 

“ If you don’t do your work you will get fired; 
if you do only what you have to do you will hold 
2 



your place, but you will get nowhere; but if you 
are intent on doing all you can without your eyes 
on the clock you will get the next opening and you 
need not fear that the boss will not see you.” 

He who uses well what he has gets more. Some¬ 
times the harvest from a narrow field is richer than 
that from a larger one. Perhaps your small garden 
is the home where you have to get the meals, work 
and dress the children and care for the house. 
That was the case with Mrs. Harriet Beecher 
Stowe, but between times, while her children played 
on the floor of her cottage, she wrote that immortal 
story of “ Uncle Tom’s Cabin” — a fiery epic 
which melted off the chains of the slave. 


Sometimes, indeed, one’s usefulness is increased 
by narrowing his field. If John Bunyan had not 
been shut up twelve years in Bedford Jail “ The 
Pilgrim’s Progress ” would never have been written. 
The Waverly Novels would never have been written 
if Sir Walter Scott had not lost his fortune, nor, 
except for the same reason the wonderful auto¬ 
biography of General Grant. It is not the worst 
thing that can happen to some men to meet mis¬ 
fortune. It narrows the garden but the crop is 
good. 

So if your garden is narrow stick your spade 
down in every corner of it. If your field of oppor- 
3 



tunity is small cover it with the best culture of 
which you are capable. It lends dignity to your 
small garden to recall the fact that though the 
surface is a dot on the landscape it extends 4,000 
miles down and opens upward into regions beyond 
the stars. If you cultivate your little garden well 
you cannot tell what coming generations may 
fatten on its fruits. 

So, “ Brighten the corner where you are.” 


4 


CHAPTER II 

The Preparation of the Soil 
Getting Ready for Service 

T HOSE of you who have been privileged to 
look in on one of the great Flower Shows 
held yearly in the Grand Central Palace in New 
York will have had your attention variously 
directed in that wilderness of beauty and bloom. 
You will have admired the roses that in fragrance 
and variety of sizes and shades of coloring rival 
those from the gardens of Hesperus, the banks of 
mammoth ferns of which the highlands of Scotland 
can show no equal, the tulips, carnations and 
azaleas and the big orange trees with their golden 
fruit which make you think of Florida. Yet 
probably not one person in ten, amid this riot of 
form and fragrance and colors, has given a thought 
to that rich damp mould out of which it all sprang, 
though that is the very basis on which the sun and 
rain and man work to create these marvels of 
beauty. 

Not unlike this is the way that we generally look 
on those persons who have attained eminence in 
5 


any career. We are more likely to be taken up in 
admiration of what they are than in analyzing the 
soil in which they grew — taking account of their 
heredity, education, moral surroundings, and dili¬ 
gence which account for their success and are 
matters of first importance in life, whether applied 
to the garden or school or training camp. There 
is an old Latin maxim, “ Ex nihilo nihil fit,” out of 
nothing can nothing come or develop. You can 
only take out of a thing so much as you put into it, 
and the proverb applies equally to a sand bank or 
an empty barrel or an empty head. The crop or 
the outcome follows the law not only of what he 
soweth that shall he also reap but also that he 
shall reap in proportion to the preparation of the 
soil for the seed. 

The time for that preparation for the garden is 
the springtime — and the time for the training of 
mind and development of character is the spring¬ 
time of life. It is the early getting ready for the 
opportunity that has not yet arrived and for which 
there will be no chance to prepare when it suddenly 
does. I have known sad cases of failure to be 
ready when the offer came. A good farmer used 
to say that making the soil rich and mellow before 
planting saved half of the work of cultivation, so 
in a sense the best time to hoe corn was before it 
was planted — so the time to be ready for your 


chance in life is before it comes. The baseball 
catcher gets on his padded gloves before the ball 
comes to him. Failure right here is the cause of 
frequent unavailing regret. Two friends of mine 
whose early opportunities were limited went into 
business and having made a fortune, had some 
political ambition. One became a member of the 
governor's council and the other a state senator, 
but they never ceased to regret that their limited 
education barred the way to higher places for them. 
The senior United States Senator from their state, 
Senator Lodge, has for the foundation of his 
eminence as a statesman the best culture of Har¬ 
vard University. 

It is a satisfaction to admit that some have 
attained eminence against the handicap of a limited 
preparation. They have done their best with 
what they had. Washington learned surveying 
in the wilds of Virginia, Lincoln pored over Euclid 
by the light of a pine-knot fire in a Kentucky cabin 
and fashioned his English style on the models of 
the Bible and Shakespeare. You could mention 
Franklin, the statesman and philosopher, Ark¬ 
wright, the inventor of the spinning-jenny, 
Greeley, the editor, and Peter Cooper, the phil¬ 
anthropist. But Arkwright felt his deficiency so 
much that after he was fifty years old and had 
made a great fortune he gave two hours a day to 
7 


study, and Peter Cooper built the Cooper Institute 
where thousands and thousands of young men and 
women have had their training. It is a pity that 
in this day when the means of culture are so many 
and so free they should not be better used, that so 
many run cross lots to a business or profession 
instead of taking the surer road of thorough 
preparation. 

Thus we have quacks instead of competent 
physicians, pettifoggers instead of learned jurists, 
pothouse politicians instead of broad-minded 
statesmen, and teachers who have a smattering 
of normal methods but are lacking in the sub¬ 
stance of something to teach to a degree sometimes 
mortifying. This superficiality reveals itself in 
a way of which the persons themselves are not 
aware. When General Taylor was President, in 
one of his messages he congratulated Congress and 
the nation that we were at peace with all the world 
and the rest of mankind. He thought it sounded 
well and was only saved from his blunder after 
some trouble in the State Department. No prepa¬ 
ration can be superfluous either in the garden or 
the gymnasium. Franklin's maxim is crystallized 
wisdom, “ Plough deep while sluggards sleep and 
you shall have corn both to sell and to keep." 


8 


CHAPTER III 
The Seed and the Sower 
Heredity and Home Life 

A S I have looked out on some of the rows in 
my garden after they have been some time 
planted and have seen no sign of life I am 
reminded of Bob Sawyer’s chest of drawers, 
one half of which would not open and the other 
half had nothing in it. Something has gone 
wrong in the seed or the soil or the planting. 
The seed may have lacked vitality, or the soil 
may have been sour or soaked, or the planting 
may have been too deep. 

Seed must have vitality or it will not grow, or 
if it has only a feeble life its growth will not be 
vigorous—as I have seen side by side in the same 
soil one plant feeble and another strong. 

The seed, however, must get its vitality from 
the stock which grew it. The law of heredity 
runs through the whole animal and vegetable 
kingdoms and wonderful results have been achieved 
by its application. The big, slow, heavy Norman 
horse and the slim champion of the race-course 
belong to the same family; the thorn apple and the 
9 


pippin will grow on the same stock. Luther 
Burbank, that wizard of the plain, has developed a 
valuable thornless cactus. The wild cattle of the 
prairie and the Holstein and Jersey are only 
different breeds of the same species. Similarly 
the native characteristics in the human species 
appear. A father of a family and a shrewd ob¬ 
server of life once said to me: 

“ If a man wants to raise a fine family he must 
seek a fine wife.” The seed gets its vitality from 
the stock, and biographies of remarkable men 
and women prove it. We are told that Sir Walter 
Scott’s mother was a superior woman, well edu¬ 
cated and a great lover of poetry. Byron’s mother 
was proud, ill-tempered and violent and her 
unhappy son was like her. Napoleon’s mother 
was noted for her energy and wrapped her infant 
son in blankets embroidered with the martial 
heroes of the Iliad. Lord Bacon’s mother was a 
woman of strong mind. Nero’s mother was a 
murderess. Patrick Henry’s mother was a remark¬ 
able conversationalist and John Wesley’s mother 
from her fine piety, intelligence and executive 
ability has been called the mother of Methodism. 

The characteristics of these men came from their 
heredity, and because the same qualities persist 
and come down the family line some one has said 
a child’s training should begin a hundred years 
10 


before he is born. Like a mountain spring which 
starts far back in the hills, family characteristics 
often come down a long line to full development. 
It is the right of every child to be well born and 
no parent may justly rob him of his birthright. 

A new problem presents itself when it comes to 
the planting of the seeds of education and culture. 
So much depends on the constitution of the child, 
and parents or teachers are so often ignorant that, 
like the untaught gardener, they are often at their 
wits’ end. One speaks harshly, like the man who 
puts his seed so deep that it cannot grow, or so 
softly that it lacks meaning and force, like the man 
who throws his seed on the surface with no cover¬ 
ing. Not infrequently he makes threats that are 
not fulfilled and so teaches his child to lie. Some¬ 
times one parent opposes the other as if one should 
dig up the seed which the other has sown and with 
most disastrous effects. 

Harmony of family life is the indispensable 
condition of home culture, and the wise training of 
a child is one of the most important functions of a 
parent. The child’s future is wrapped up in this 
seed bed. “ Train up a child in the way he should 
go, and even when he is old he will not depart from 
it.” Solomon did not say he would not depart 
from it before he became old — but it is an encour¬ 
agement to some discouraged parents to be able 
11 


to point to some splendid results of early training 
in a genuine if late return to moral sanity. 

I recall the case of a man in college with me, the 
son of a doctor of divinity, so dissolute that he was 
only retained in college because his father was 
a trustee. I have seen this man intoxicated on 
the campus. Later he became a doctor of divinity 
and an editor of an important religious paper. 

I recall two others who became eminent minis¬ 
ters — and three more who became elders or de¬ 
voted Sunday-school superintendents. Years ago 
an old man of eighty years of age in Middleboro, 
Mass., became a Christian under impressions of a 
sermon which he heard sixty years before in his 
English home. It seemed like a seed from the 
shroud of a mummy 4,000 years old come to life in 
the soil and sun. 

In one of Munchausen’s tales he tells of a bugler 
who went out on one very cold day and thought 
he had played a tune but heard no sound in the 
crisp air. Returning he hung up his bugle by the 
warm kitchen fire when presently he heard the soft 
music filling all the house. The frozen music 
thawed out. 

Let parents and teachers take heart with the 
faith that “ he that goeth forth and weepeth, 
bearing seed for sowing, shall doubtless come again 
with joy, bringing his sheaves with him.” 

12 


CHAPTER IV 
The Worm at the Root 
Destructive Forces 

A S I have sometimes walked through my 
garden in the morning when the sun was 
climbing the sky and the dewdrops hung like 
liquid pearls on the foliage, I have frequently seen 
some of the finest, thriftiest, most promising plants 
lying over on the ground entirely eaten off at the 
root. Digging down in the soil, the cause has 
become apparent as I have found a large brown 
grub of the color of the soil in which he burrows 
or a smaller little striped wire worm who has done 
the damage. In them I have found the authors 
of all the mischief and the subject of this paper. 

Every gardener or farmer or fruit grower has to 
reckon with many and persistent foes. Look at 
that orchard yonder through which the army 
worm has made his way. Before him is the fresh¬ 
ness of Eden and behind him the desolation of a de¬ 
vouring fire. Look at that potato field alive with 
unsightly and disgusting slugs, stripped of its foliage 
13 


and presenting only a lot of skeleton stalks. See 
those little striped, winged bugs that settle on your 
cucumbers, whose touch is like poison and who 
consume them in a few hours. Then there is the 
destructive currant worm, the vile green cabbage 
worm that leaves its slimy trail, that great green 
elephantine worm that feeds on your tomatoes and 
asparagus and the borers that destroy your 
squashes. Every growing thing seems to have its 
foe. That is just the way it is with human life. 
There is no one who passes through this world 
unscathed. Just as no plant can be set in such an 
out-of-the-way place that the worm cannot find it, 
so there is no seclusion in this world where evil will 
not find its victim. The worm of temptation is 
in every soil. It is in the home, in the school, in 
society, in business, everywhere. There is envy 
that leads to slander, covetousness that ripens into 
fraud, and dishonesty, anger and jealousy whose 
fruit is violence and sometimes murder, of which 
there is evidence in every day’s record. Then 
there is the worm of appetite which leads to drunk¬ 
enness and the use of poisonous drugs which have 
cut off or blasted many noble lives. 

I have known some brilliant fellows succumb 
to strong drink. I have known others to scotch 
the deadly worm before he had completed his 
destructive work. John B. Gough, the great 
14 


temperance reformer, was a man of a highly organ¬ 
ized and sensitive nature and early fell a victim to 
drink, but under the influence of his faithful wife 
he recovered his foothold on the path of sobriety, 
and carried the white flag of the temperance army 
in two hemispheres. It is on record that at one 
time in his military career General Grant indulged 
in intoxicants to the danger point, so that splendid 
officer of his staff, General Rawlins, determined to 
speak the word of friendly warning and tender his 
resignation in case it was not heeded. Today all 
the world knows of his victory over the Con¬ 
federate army but all the world is not aware 
of his victory over himself. After his career 
as President he went on a trip around the world, 
being entertained at banquets and courts where 
to decline to drink wine might have been thought 
an offense but he always left his glasses turned 
down. There are a multitude of cases to duplicate 
these. But how much better to have avoided the 
evil at first! Very recently in reading the auto¬ 
biography of Edward Bok, for thirty years the 
brilliant editor of the Ladies 1 Home Journal , I 
was struck with the fact that when, as a young 
stenographer, he was reporting a President’s 
meeting and wine glasses were set on his desk he 
had them removed. It is a wise thing to kill the 
worm at the beginning. 


15 


Today the excessive use of narcotics is com¬ 
plained of and the heavy importation of opium 
and morphine justifies the complaint. Here is 
another deadly worm of whose work I have seen 
sad effects. One of the most brilliant and at the 
same time saddest bits of English literature is 
De Quincey’s Confessions of an Opium Eater. 
Its relieving feature is that he at last succeeded in 
breaking the deadly spell. In a century starred 
with the greater names of William Hazlitt, Charles 
Lamb, Thomas Carlyle, and De Quincey the name 
of Samuel Taylor Coleridge shone with surpassing 
splendor. He was poet, philosopher, critic and 
conversationalist around whose shrine a troupe 
of powerful young minds gathered. He has been 
likened to the desert-born steed with hoofs to out¬ 
strip the wind and eyes to outgleam the lightning 
but, under the enchanting draught of opium, 
smitten as with the withering simoon, thence¬ 
forward staggering with dimmed eye and tottering 
limbs along the desert sand. Prohibition did not 
come a minute too soon, nor is the sale of narcotics 
too strictly limited for the public welfare. The 
man who, under the plea of preserving personal 
liberty, is trying to repeal the Eighteenth Amend¬ 
ment is like a dog barking up the wrong tree — 
the squirrel is not there. He is safely lodged in 
that other tree of a firmly settled public purpose 
16 


to keep the soil clean from the worm of the still and 
from the poison poppy grub. 

It is an instructive warning to old and young to 
recall the speed with which the worm and the 
forces of evil do their work. When the slugs begin 
their attack on your currants or potatoes it is only 
a question of hours. And it takes only a brief 
moment to blast the fairest reputation and ruin 
a life. Sometimes temptations descend upon the 
good as lightnings are shot down upon the strongest 
oak. He was a good man far on in life who said, 
“ I tremble that though I have lived so long in the 
world with a fair character and a good reputation 
among men, yet it is possible in one short hour of 
temptation to do some single act that shall blast 
character and ruin the reputation of a lifetime.” 

“ Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed 
lest he fall.” So this homely meditation reaches its 
climax in the fact that worms and vices work in the 
dark. Light is a great revealer and a great foe to 
vice. When the streets of London were first 
lighted at night there was a great decrease in 
crime. All kind of carousers hold their orgies in 
the dark. “ They that are drunken are drunken 
in the night.” In the night the burglar breaks 
through the wall he had marked for himself in 
the daytime. In the night the seducer prosecutes 
his evil designs. Men love darkness just in pro- 
17 


portion as their deeds are evil. “ Light is sown 
for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in 
heart.” “ How oft the means to do ill deeds 
makes ill deeds done!” 

“ O opportunity, thy guilt is great, 

Whoever does the sin thou pointest the season 
And laugh’st at right, at law, at reason, 

And waiting in the gate where none can spy him 
Sits sin to seize the souls that wander by him.” 

Avoid evil and give opportunity no chance in 
your garden. 


18 


CHAPTER V 

Weeds 


Minor Faults 


T ENNYSON in his Day Dream asks: 

“ O to what uses shall we put 

The wild-weed flower that simply blows? 
And is there any moral shut 
Within the bosom of the rose? ” 


To this Cowper answers: 

il They whom truth and wisdom lead 
Can gather honey from a weed.” 


A higher authority has written: 


“I went by the field of the sluggard, and by the vineyard 
of the man void of understanding; and, lo, it was all grown 
over with thorns, the face thereof was covered with nettles, 
and the stone wall thereof was broken down. Then I 
beheld and considered well; I saw, and received instruction.” 
(Prov. 24 : 30-32.) 

There is a moral shut within the bosom of the 
rose and written on the surface of a neglected 
garden. 

You notice that the deadly worm and the all- 
devouring bug which absolutely kill the growing 
plant are not the garden’s only foes. There are 
the weeds which, while they do not kill the plant, 

19 


choke and smother it so that it cannot grow and 
develop. So in the home and in business and in 
community life besides those great outstanding 
forces of evil which utterly kill are some minor 
evils which hinder the development of some of 
the finest qualities. They are not the deadly 
worms that wholly destroy the home, but the 
weeds that hinder its finest life. 

Home is the most beautiful garden on earth. 
Carefully cultivated, it is like a quarter section of 
heaven. But while it is set with the flowers of 
love and tenderness and mutual service they are 
all planted in the soil of earth which is not wholly 
hospitable to them. Weeds and vices and irritat¬ 
ing faults spring spontaneously and the wheat and 
the good fruit and the virtues demand careful 
cultivation. 

The earth has been called mother to the weeds 
but only step-mother to its useful growths. I 
call it the total depravity of the soil, which, like 
total depravity of man, does not mean that he is as 
bad as he can be but that he has some good in 
him. Sometimes it is hard to find it but still not 
all the good is in the saints. 

“ The honey bee that wanders all day long 

The field, the woodlands and the gardens o’er 
To gather in his fragrant winter store 
Humming in calm content his winter song 
Seeks not alone the rose’s glowing breast, 

20 


The lily’s dainty cup, the violet’s lips, 

But from all rank and noxious weeds he sips 
The single drop of sweetness closely pressed 
Within the poison chalice.” 

Sometimes the good is hard to find and the 
quantity small — but it is there if we seek it as the 
bee seeks honey from the weed. It is a fine quest 
to be looking always for good in everybody. What 
kind it would be hard to tell. Linnasus may 
catalogue the plants of the earth but there is no 
moral botanist able to catalogue the things which 
in one way or another bring unhappiness to nearly 
all lives. They are many different kinds but 
selfishness is the soil with evil seeds in which they 
all grow. 

It works out in the home by some one shirking 
his part — so that the one least able has to bear 
the burden, shovel the coal and bring in the ash 
cans. Its laconic philosophy is “ Let George do 
it,” or it never sees the half dozen good things that 
have been done but bears down hard on the one 
thing which has not been done, or there is some one 
in the household whose constant irritation and 
fretfulness spoil the calm and peace of the home. 

In the community this evil weed takes the form 
of slanderous gossip or of the envy of a prosperous 
neighbor who has built a new house or bought a 
new automobile. In commercial life it leads 


21 


people to hold the war scale of prices as long as 
possible after the stress of war has passed. There 
is very little of the Golden Rule that governs the 
commercial world today. It is a garden grown 
well over with the weeds of selfishness. 

A faulty temper makes a bad companion. It is 
said a young man once came to ask the hand of the 
daughter of Dr. Jonathan Edwards and that he 
advised the young man not to marry her because 
of a violent temper which would make him un¬ 
happy. 

“ Why/’ said the young man, “ she is a Chris¬ 
tian, isn’t she? ” 

“ We hope so,” said the Doctor, “ but the Lord 
can get along with people that you and I could 
not live with.” 

If we are really to get what our garden teaches 
it is well to note that there are some weeds which 
emit an unpleasant odor, and from what I hear 
and see there are some in the garden of our social 
life that are not altogether sweet. There seems 
to me too much tolerance in some directions of 
that which is not morally sweet. It runs through 
art and the stage and fiction and dress. I am not 
hypercritical but there is what the old Latins 
called “ modus in rebus,” a mean in things. 

The great novels which carry elevated senti¬ 
ments, instruction and entertainment are a bene- 
22 


diction to old and young, but those that are flavored 
with profanity and padded out with details of 
divorce proceedings are weeds of bad odor. Art 
and theaters and books are companions, and 
familiarity with their lower forms breeds contempt 
of virtue and modesty. 

What to do with the small weeds of the garden 
and the minor faults of character lies on the sur¬ 
face of the problem. “ Obste principiis,” stop the 
beginning. A farmer friend of mine had his 
weeder running in his field and some one said: 

“ Why do you keep that up? There are no 
weeds there.” 

“No,” was his reply, “ and if you keep that 
running there never will be.” 


23 


CHAPTER VI 
The Weather 
The Uncontrollable Forces 

M atthew Arnold speaks of a “ power 

not ourselves which makes for righteous¬ 
ness ” and in view of the uncertainties of the 
weather I am disposed to adapt the phrase to 
agriculture and speak of the power not ourselves 
that makes for a harvest. 

Years ago Henry Drummond wrote a great book 
entitled “ Natural Law in the Spiritual World.” 
Much more distinctly do I see a spiritual law in 
the natural world. Contemplating the vast ex¬ 
panse and splendor of the starry heavens some 
one has written, “ The undevout astronomer is 
mad.” How much more is he beside himself who 
can read at close range the pages of nature written 
on forest and field and miss the lesson that Paul 
gave to the Athenians when he made their fruitful 
seasons bear witness to the true God and when he 
told those corrupt Romans that the things that 
were made so clearly revealed their Maker as to 
leave them without excuse. 


24 


“ There’s not a tint that paints the rose 
Nor decks the lily fair 
Nor streaks the humblest flower that blows 
But God has placed it there. 

“ There’s not a place in earth’s vast round 
Of ocean, earth or air, 

Where skill and wisdom are not found, 

For God is everywhere.” 

It is worth while to note the wide play of the 
weather in the operations of the world. 

We hear about the reign of law and the uni¬ 
formity of nature. If you throw up a stone it 
will always return unless hindered. Water will 
always run down hill unless its course is obstructed. 
Open the blinds and the light will flood the dark¬ 
ened room. The fine wire of the radio will always 
pick up the electric waves. Gravitation, light, 
electricity and all the forces of nature follow their 
uniform laws. 

When, however, it comes to their operations 
they are anything but uniform. Otherwise we 
should have the same weather at the same date 
every year. We should never have to guess what 
the weather will be tomorrow. We should be 
apprised of every clear day and warned of every 
storm. On the contrary, the freaks of the weather 
are proverbial. On the eleventh of March, 1888, 
we had a blizzard that was memorable in the 
records of the nineteenth century, but we have 
25 


had no other such storm since. The freaks of the 
weather many times give force to the Scotch 
proverb, “ The best laid plans o’ mice and men 
gang aft agley.” Today your garden flourishes 
and is full of promise; tomorrow a storm of wind 
and hail has cut it down and beaten it into the 
ground. A heavy rain retards the march of Bliicher 
to the field of Waterloo, the French are defeated, 
Napoleon is a fugitive, a captive, and an exile. 
Tonight the great Armada of Spain hovers down 
along the coast of England, confident of victory 
tomorrow; a storm at night has swept those ships 
all away and only the roar of the surf and the cry 
of the wild sea bird disturbs the air. Ten years 
ago the new White Star steamer Titanic , then 
queen of the seas, started out on her maiden trip 
to make a record; in the fog and darkness she 
ripped open her sides on a huge iceberg and sank 
with nearly all her passengers to the bottom of the 
sea. Today soft tropical airs are kissing the roses 
of St. Thomas, tomorrow stupendous forces blow 
off the top of Mt. Pelee with terrible destruction. 

The weather gives no account of its coming or 
going and pays no regard to the plans of men, and 
I can glean nothing from the fruits and flowers of 
my garden more impressive than a supernal 
vision of that divine sovereignty which rolls the 
stars along and superintends all human affairs 
26 


for the welfare of mankind. No man embarks 
on any enterprise but he must take account of 
the contingencies of the weather. The bad man 
as truly as a saint must live by faith. No gardener 
commits a seed to the soil, no mariner turns the 
prow of his ship to the sea but both the seed and 
the ship are put in charge of forces over which 
man has no control. Life and death are the foot¬ 
ball of the storm. Years ago an intimate friend of 
mine, a young banker in a western town, drove 
to a neighboring town on business and as he was 
hitching his horse a sudden cyclone hurled a plank 
through the air which struck and killed him. The 
weather can grow or destroy a crop, can caress an 
invalid or kill a strong man. 

What, then, is the folly of the man who, like 
so many, talks loudly about being independent! 
No man ever was or ever can be independent of 
his environment or of his fellow men. You can¬ 
not make a spear of grass or a head of wheat grow. 
These are things which neither power nor wealth 
can obtain. Can gold gain friendship? Is there 
any greater impudence of hope? Will power com¬ 
mand sympathy or give back a blind man his 
sight? You cannot add a minute to your life, you 
cannot even die if you are tired of life and want to 
unless you commit suicide. 

So there is nothing left for you to do but to rely 
27 


on the operations of a benevolent Providence and 
follow the inspired law of both life and husbandry: 
“In the morning sow thy seed, and in the evening 
withhold not thy hand; for thou knowest not 
which shall prosper, whether this or that, or 
whether they both shall be alike good.” 


28 


CHAPTER VII 
The Persistence of Nature 


Making the Best of Everything 

A LL life is subject to extremes of experience. 

I have sometimes gone out in my garden 
after a heavy shower and found the small hollows 
filled with puddles of water and the earth badly 
washed from the roots of some of the plants 
so that they looked as if they had been badly 
treated and would have a hard time to recover. 
After a little while, however, the water has settled 
away and with a little skillful assistance of the hoe 
they have righted up and soon have seemed to be 
growing all the thriftier for the plentiful moisture 
left at the roots. 

At another time I have gone out at midday when 
the burning sun was pouring down a shower of hot 
rays and the vines lay wilted and panting in sorry 
resignation as though they were ready to die. 
By and by the sun goes behind the western hills, 
the heat abates, the cool air of evening condenses 
the pearly dews and they rise in the morning as one 
who has never had any trials rises from his bed. 

29 


But the storm and the sun hit every garden and 
trying experiences come to every life. It is a 
beautiful lesson by which the plants and the 
flowers teach us how to meet them. The sources of 
our trials are manifold. Sometimes they come from 
the ebullitions of a hot temper, like a storm cloud 
charged with lightning, and when they are met in a 
similar spirit it is as when two thunder storms meet. 
Sometimes our expectations are disappointed and 
the disappointment is hard to bear. Sometimes 
our wishes are not gratified or our wills are crossed. 

Then, nearly all of us are subject to moods 
which must be consulted in us and which we must 
consult in others. Some have a fiery temper with 
which they find it hard to contend or an unruly 
tongue that gives them trouble either to speak 
kind words or to tell the truth. They are like a 
man whom I knew in our county who was so given 
to exaggerations that they took on the quality of 
falsehood and the church to which he belonged 
called him to account for it. At the end of the 
conference he made this confession: 

“ I know, brethren, I do exaggerate and I am 
sorry and I have shed barrels and barrels of tears 
over it.” 

The things we have to contend with in ourselves 
as well as in others make life a continual discipline. 
Everything depends on the way in which we meet 

30 


the disagreeable things of life. Some people have 
the way of always meeting them in a manner to 
make a bad matter worse. They do not learn the 
lesson of the willow which bends before the wind, 
but to their own discomfort rise up in resistance. 
Self-control under trials and provocations is a great 
triumph, for “ he that ruleth his own spirit is 
greater than he thattaketh a city,” and that self- 
control is a good preparation for doing the next 
thing. 

We are told that a short time ago a man had 
reached the age of fifty-nine in poverty but then 
he struck out courageously and soon made a 
fortune. On the other hand, every now and then 
we read of one who has committed suicide because 
he has lost his money or his health. That is the 
difference between a hero and a coward. Abruzzi, 
the great natural philosopher of Geneva, had taken 
observations of the weather for twenty-seven years 
and wrapped the record around the thermometer. 
A new maid cleaned up the study one day and 
burned what she called the dirty papers and put 
clean ones on in their place. When he came and 
saw what was done he halted for a moment, then 
folded his arms and simply said: 

“ You have lost twenty-seven years of my life. 
Hereafter touch nothing in this room.” 

It is a good habit to make light of trying experi- 
• 31 


ences. Sidney Smith was an invalid but even in 
his old age his cheerful spirits never failed him, 
and one day he wrote a friend, “ I have gout and 
asthma and several other diseases but otherwise I 
am very well.” To Lady Carlisle he wrote, “ If 
you hear of sixteen or eighteen pounds of flesh 
wanting an owner they belong to me. I look as if 
a curate had been taken out of me.” 

How much better that is than to make all one’s 
family and friends miserable because one does not 
feel well oneself! There are many fretful souls 
who need to be anointed with the oil of glad¬ 
ness. You can never make the best of every¬ 
thing except as you give the best to everything. 
The dome of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London 
is a great sounding gallery that gives you back 
the words and tones which you speak. So the 
world is a great echo chamber. By the law of 
its construction “ a soft answer turneth away 
wrath; but a grievous word stirreth up anger.” 
To be querulous and fault-finding gives the other 
party an excuse to be so too. Bearing down un¬ 
reasonably begets recklessness and the man says, 
“ I don’t care if it did happen.” Soft words 
spoken in soft tones are like oil on the water. 

There is no finer moral in the bosom of the rose 
than that which enjoins us to be adorned with a 

32 


meek and quiet spirit and to make the best of every 
hard experience. 

These beautiful visions of pleasure and profit 
are what I have seen in my garden. All persons 
are not endowed with the same equable temper 
nor do all enjoy the same lot in life but all may, 
if they will be adorned with jewels of character 
unmatched by any from the mines of Johannesburg 
or Golconda. 


33 


CHAPTER VIII 
The Beneficence of Nature 
Good Stewardship 

A S I have watched the processes of nature as 
they have gone on in my garden and seen 
how generously there has been given back to me 
response to my supply of fertilizer and to my 
labor in cultivation, I have read the lesson of 
benevolence which should govern the conduct of 
all mankind. All life rests for its support on the 
generous bosom of the earth. 

Only a brief time ago the papers were congratu¬ 
lating the country on the revival of its agriculture, 
because the prosperity of all other industries 
depended upon the prosperity of this basal industry. 
And it is basal because it is constantly giving of its 
productions for the support of life. The law of 
constant and liberal giving is a truly spiritual law 
in the natural world and I was never more im¬ 
pressed with its imperious nature than by the con¬ 
sideration of nature’s own example. Incidentally, 
it enlarges the scope of our vision and furnishes a 
needed admonition to those many lazy or stingy 
34 


souls who never have anything to give, to look 
over the garden fence and take note of nature’s 
diligence to increase her resources that she may give. 
It is not alone the garden and the cultivated 
fields that pour forth their abundance of corn 
and wheat and succulent products but there is 
not a barren or out-of-the-way place in all the 
world that does not make an effort to offer its 
contribution to the welfare of man or beast. 
Flowers and coarse grasses adorn her wild lands, 
cowslips and ferns cover her marshes. From 
the ooze in the bottom of her ponds she sends 
up her white pond-lilies to shed fragrance on the 
air and she even clothes her barren rocks with 
beautiful mosses and lichens. Her mines are 
her treasure house of gold and silver and pre¬ 
cious stones, of iron and of coal, her forests are 
at once a picture gallery of beautiful foliage and 
an exhaustless lumber yard of valuable timber. 
Her blessings are of the deep as well, for she fills 
the oceans with such abounding life that it is 
said that an acre of water is more productive 
of food for man than an acre of soil. All this 
she offers as a benefaction for the welfare of man 
and at the same time as an example for his in¬ 
dustry in getting and his constant liberality in 
giving. It rebukes the indolence which sets us 
the claim of poverty and the selfishness which 


denies the responsibility of stewardship and which 
says, “ What is mine is my own and the world 
has no claim on me.” 

Take notice that nature is not made poor by 
her gifts. The trees that were cut off when I 
was young have been replaced by new forests 
today. If you want more roses cut them when 
they are in bloom so that more may come and 
more will come. If you want to check their 
abundance leave the old buds on. 

Remember that “ there is that scattereth, and 
increaseth yet more; and there is that withholdeth 
more than is meet, but it tendeth only to want,” 
and this is universal and an unrepealed law of 
moral action. Last fall the leaves and flowers 
fell and the trees were bare but they supplied a 
needed humus to the soil, and see the regal robes 
in which they clothe themselves today. There 
is no law that calls for giving to the limit of pov¬ 
erty. Year by year I have supplied my garden 
with fertilizer and year by year it has given back 
to me generously, but not all its strength, and 
today the soil is so fat with its accumulated re¬ 
serve that it might almost be said that it is good 
enough to be eaten. I have seen the fortunes 
of liberal givers furnish an illustration of the law. 
Now for nature write God and I will add that 
this law of nature is also the law of God. 


36 


A few years before he died, Dr. W. H. Hayes, 
who for most of his life was editor of The Inde¬ 
pendent , wrote a number of interesting articles 
on his general view of things, in one of which I 
remember he maintained that as every person¬ 
ality must have some body for its expression so 
the whole universal nature or cosmos was the 
body of God. Now, whether he was right or 
not, yet in wisdom and power and vastness, 
and the operation of providential laws, it might 
very well pass for that, since the universal ex¬ 
perience of mankind with the operation of the 
laws of nature are exactly in harmony with what 
are revealed as laws of God. 

So I emphasize the moral law of the bene¬ 
ficence of nature as written in the soil and on 
the whole face of the visible world, as an order 
of God carrying with it the promise of prosperity 
to those who obey it, “Give, and it shall be given 
unto you; good measure, pressed down, shaken 
together, running over, shall they give into your 
bosom.” So I close this chapter by quoting 
the brief charity sermon of the eccentric Sidney 
Smith, “ He that giveth to the poor lendeth to 
the Lord. If you believe in the security, down 
with the dust.” 


37 


CHAPTER IX 
The Ideal Nation 
Patriotism 

HIS chapter is written on the eve of the 



X one-hundred and forty-sixth anniversary of 
our nation’s independence of our mother country. 

The waving of banners, the glare of rockets 
and the booming of cannon will not signify much 
to many of our youth nor to many of the new¬ 
comers to our land but a holiday and general 
good time. Our progress and general prosperity 
have been unexampled in the history of the world, 
but in the last few years we have been summoned 
to an extraordinary test of character and courage. 
We shared in the rescue of the imperiled nations 
of Europe but the reaction on our own people 
has not been wholly salutary. War, which always 
opens the floodgates of hell, has left behind as 
an aftermath a recklessness of human life, an 
orgy of prodigal spending and criminality of 
many kinds. 

The present seems, therefore, to be an oppor¬ 
tune time to take account of stock in our national 


38 


heritage of liberty and lay upon all patriots an 
increased sense of responsibility for its preserva¬ 
tion and enlargement. Our citizens can do no 
better on this national anniversary than to review 
some characteristics of the ideal nation. 

I do not here discuss the merits of the different 
forms of government, as monarchy like that of 
Germany as she was, or limited like England, 
or an oligarchy such as Russia is today, or a re¬ 
public like the United States, to which, of course, 
we are all partial; but forms of government are 
not essential to true liberty if the spirit of liberty 
animates the rulers and fitness for freedom charac¬ 
terizes the subjects. 

(1) So the first characteristic of the Ideal State 
which I name, is that it is religious. “ Happy 
is the people whose God is Jehovah.” If the 
limits of this book permitted, it would be per¬ 
fectly easy to show, from both reason and his¬ 
tory, that national freedom has always been in¬ 
separable from national morality, and national 
morality inseparable from national theism or 
belief in the God of the Bible. 

The polytheism of the ancient empires not 
only erected no barriers against the immoralities 
of those times but opened the door to the prac¬ 
tice of the grossest vices and even invested them 
with the sacred sanctions of religion. The dis- 
39 


graceful orgies of the worship of Bacchus, the 
unclean rites practiced at the shrine of Venus, 
and even the practices of modern polygamy are 
all alike proof of how a system of religion where 
God is not may even be invoked as the minister 
of passion and crime, and where these prevail 
liberty is dead. When France gave up her reli¬ 
gion and set up her tenth-day holidays in the 
place of the Sabbath, she set up a courtesan on 
the high altar of the cathedral of Notre Dame, 
crowned her goddess of Reason with flowers and 
royal robes. Then a hell of hate and anarchy 
broke loose and the streets of Paris ran red with 
the best blood of the empire. So do “ men set 
up diviners when they cease to have prophets, 
they open the caves of sorcery when they shut 
up the temples of the living God.” 

(2) The Ideal State must not have too many 
unassimilated or revolutionary elements in it. 
David said, “ Rescue me, and deliver me out of 
the hand of aliens, whose mouth speaketh deceit, 
and whose right hand is a right hand of false¬ 
hood.” Poor David had a hard time of it. What 
with Saul’s enmity, and Absalom’s conspiracy, 
and Ahithophel’s evil counsel, and Jeroboam’s 
ambition, and the restlessness of the heathen 
tribes about him it would be hard to describe 
his lot. One of the problems of our national 

40 


life which today is at the front is how far we can 
stand the strain of foreign immigration and the 
prevalence of ideas out of harmony with our 
system of government. For many years we 
have depended on our territorial isolation and 
the elasticity of our representative government 
to stand the pressure of a vast amount of igno¬ 
rance and bigotry and prejudice and depravity 
which has flowed in upon us in vast volume. 
Our free schools and churches have lent a con¬ 
serving influence, our representative institutions 
have tended to conciliate prejudice and to dis¬ 
arm bigotry, so that for many years we deemed 
it safe to open our doors to all comers. Of late 
years, however, the great numbers and the changed 
character of the immigrants has made it expedient 
to put a strainer over the sluices of the incoming 
tide. A measure of ignorance is not a bar to good 
citizenship; we need honest workers but we 
have no use for those aliens whose mouths speak 
vain words of anarchy or despotism and who 
lend their right hand to falsehood and dishonesty 
in dealing. Perhaps it would be well also to get 
over the foolish notion of any manifest destiny 
in control of us apart from our own wise action, 
and to reflect that that may not be true which 
has been wittily said, that God will take care of 
children and fools and the United States. 

41 


(3) Another characteristic of the Ideal State 
is material prosperity and contentment. It 
would be an interesting study to search out in 
the Bible the many instances in which promises 
of temporal prosperity are made to national 
obedience and disaster threatened to disobedi¬ 
ence. It would also be profitable to follow the 
record of fulfillment of that law in the history 
of nations — if prosperity can put a nation under 
bonds to obey the moral law and to serve human¬ 
ity, we are that people. The property of this 
country in 1860 was set down at fifteen billions, 
of which the Civil War annihilated about half, 
but so rapid was our recovery that in 1885 it was 
sixty billions. Now so vast and increasing have 
been our resources that it is not possible to keep 
pace in our estimate with their phenomenal de¬ 
velopment. The treasures of mineral wealth 
stored up in the earth, the exhaustless quarries 
of marble and granite, the coal and iron and oil, 
the golden harvest of a thousand valleys and 
flocks and herds that clothe our pastures, the 
treasures of the sea as well as of the land, are 
such as beggar even the blessing of Joseph. Our 
garners are full, affording all manner of store. 
Our oxen are fat for the slaughter or strong for 
the yoke of labor. 

And yet we are hardly the Ideal Nation. Our 

42 


floating palaces plough the seas with the speed 
of birds of passage; our airplanes outstrip the 
wind; we talk with our neighbors on the other 
side of the globe with the speed of lightning; 
and still we are not the Ideal Nation. We fill 
great libraries, carve peerless statues and endow 
great universities, and yet we are hardly the 
Ideal Nation. 

Great wealth brings great perils. Greed grows 
with increase of gold. The more a man has the 
more he wants and generally the less he is dis¬ 
posed to make a wise use of his fortune. Often 
it tempts to an unlawful business, to gambling 
and dishonesty, and bootlegging. Knowledge 
and skill do not make character any more than 
gold does. What of an artist if he paints vile 
pictures? Or of an expert engraver if he is a coun¬ 
terfeiter? What if a man can travel a hundred 
miles an hour, if he is a scoundrel at his journey’s 
end? What boots it that his words go on light¬ 
ning wings around the world if they are only 
lies — political or commercial? The ideal citizen 
and the Ideal State will bow in letter and spirit 
equally to the Ten Commandments and to the 
Constitution of the State. 

(4) A fourth characteristic of the Ideal Nation 
is that it will be blest with a numerous cultivated 
and virtuous generation of young people. When 

43 


the prophet pictures Jerusalem’s prosperity it 
is of a city full of boys and girls playing in the 
streets thereof. 

When Goldsmith pictures the Deserted Village 
he sings: 

11 Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, 

Where wealth accumulates and men decay.” 

And our Longfellow sets up high-minded men 
as the real pillars of state. 

Of course, we have not reached the national 
ideal. We have yet to say with an ancient 
worthy, “ Not as though I had attained either, 
yet were already perfect.” There are yet spots 
in our feasts of charity. The priest and the 
Levite have passed by the victim of violence 
on the other side of the road, and the good Samari¬ 
tan has not yet bound up all his wounds. They 
were too many for even the Red Cross. The 
dust of Dive’s chariot wheels still falls on the 
rags of Lazarus. 

And yet look at our growing commonwealths, 
the beneficence of our laws, and the generous 
provision made for the training of the young. 
Think of the multitudes of young men and women 
who have gone out from our colleges and schools, 
trained in mind and heart to be centers of social, 
intellectual and spiritual power; ornaments of 
home and society; leaders in business, in church 

44 


and state. What promise do they afford that 
“ our sons shall be as plants grown up in their 
youth, and our daughters as the polished corner¬ 
stones of the temple!” Though we enjoy a con¬ 
tinental isolation and hold untold wealth with 
a quarter of the gold of the world in our trea¬ 
suries, we have not been wholly selfish. We 
have poured out wealth and blood without mea¬ 
sure to save imperiled peoples and to rescue from 
anarchy and famine war-torn lands, to which 
the rich man has given his million and the poor 
man his mite. Ability has in some good measure 
spelled responsibility, but we cannot learn that 
lesson too well. Our schools and colleges and 
seminaries must be kept at white heat. This 
age of intense activity is also the age of golden 
opportunity. We are pioneers in the fields of 
republican government and religious freedom. 
We have been pushing the Mayflower out into un¬ 
charted seas. We have safely passed the stormy 
waters of emancipation, of woman suffrage, and 
of prohibition, but who knows whether we are 
yet to founder on some hidden rock of domestic 
or foreign policy? 

“ Let the lower lights be burning.” Let every 
patriot do his best to retire to private life the 
man who plays politics to serve himself instead 
of serving his country. Let us purify the foun- 
45 


tains of our political and social life and let us 
enact wise laws, striving toward the ideal till we 
can sing with pride: 

11 O beautiful for heroes proved 
In liberating strife 

Who more than self their country loved, 

And mercy more than life.” 


46 




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